Since the 991 GT3 PASM dampers (first two pictures) are carried over to the GT4 (third picture):
I thought I would post a more comprehensive explanation on how those PASM dampers work because there's a LOT going on there. Just keep in mind that the official Cayman GT4's Nurburgring laptime (7:40 min) was set with the PASM on 'NORMAL' mode:
"Unlike conventional dampers, the PASM map-controlled damper also has an electrically actuated hydraulic bypass valve. The damping effect is provided by the oil in the damper flowing through a piston valve when the vehicle moves. The smaller the valve cross section, the harder the damping.
With the PASM damper, the oil can flow through a bypass valve, as well as through a fixed valve in the main piston. The flow can be increased or reduced by opening and closing the valve via a slide, producing continuous adjustment of the damper force. In the event of a system failure, the valve automatically closes. PASM is then in the hardest damper setting and thus the safest mode from a driving dynamics point of view (fail-safe principle).
Lane-change module
The damper forces at both axles are immediately increased in response to rapid steering movements, for example sudden evasive manoeuvres. This reduces body tilt and instability, thereby significantly improving vehicle control even in extreme situations.
Vertical-control module
In the Normal programme, the damper force is increased as soon as the vertical movement of the body, for example when driving over uneven surfaces, rises over a specific threshold value. This prevents body instability and therefore woolly driving behaviour. In the Sport programme, the damping is slightly reduced automatically to improve contact between the road and the wheels as body movements increase. This also results in a noticeable increase in comfort.
Lateral-acceleration module
If specific, speed-dependent thresholds for lateral acceleration are exceeded when cornering in the Normal programme, the damper force is increased by different, defined amounts for each side of the vehicle. This prevents vehicle instability and significantly increases driving precision. In the event of large vertical movements and high lateral acceleration coinciding, the higher of the vertical-control and lateral-acceleration damping values is set. This happens if, for example, the damping in the Sport programme was previously decreased by the vertical-control module.
Brake module
PASM switches to harder damping at the start of a braking operation to reduce vehicle nose-dive when braking. This way, higher brake forces can be transmitted to the road faster. It switches back to a softer setting (this setting is different for the front and rear axle) after a specific amount of time. The result is improved road contact, and thus a shorter braking distance, particularly when braking on uneven surfaces.
Load-change module
The damper characteristics for the front and rear axle are individually switched when accelerating heavily, releasing the throttle or changing lanes. In Normal mode, the dampers are briefly switched to a harder damping setting in these driving conditions. This avoids excessive lifting or diving at the front of the vehicle (“pitching”). In Sport mode, a softer damper characteristic is briefly selected if necessary to improve traction when accelerating, particularly on uneven surfaces.
The PASM system comprises the following components:
• Four dampers with continuously adjustable damping force (each with one bypass valve)
• PASM control module
• Two acceleration sensors for detecting vertical movement of the body (one at the damper dome at the front right and one at the rear left). Further signals such as lateral acceleration, steering angle, travel speed, brake pressure, engine torque, etc. are read in via the CAN bus. The system measures body movements via one acceleration sensor on each axle (front and rear). Values such as lateral acceleration, steering wheel angle, vehicle speed and information on possible braking operations are provided by the PSM via the CAN bus. Engine rpm and torque values are provided by the Motronic via the CAN bus."