First of all, check your battery. You could check its voltage while switching on the engine (should read over 14V) and while the engine runs on idle (should read a bit above 12V) and with higher revs (a bit more than on idle).
Now, you didn't tell us fs it gas or diesel powered?
White smoke indicates too much oil in the combustion chamber, that's for sure. If you get white smoke at start up and not later on then it should be worn valve drives. The drives (bushings?) are not expensive themselves, but the labour will be.
Also, if the engine runs on gasoline, try replacing the spark plugs if they are covered in oil.
The starter either works, or it doesn't. What part of it did you replace? The coils, the switch or the coupler?